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The unjust climate: Measuring the impacts of climate change on rural poor, women and youth

2024Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Sitko, Nicholas; Cavatassi, Romina; Stafferi, Irene; Heesemann, Esther; Rossi, Jan Martin; Valbuena, Luis Becerra; Rajagopalan, Priti; Kluth, Jessika; Azzarri, Carlo

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The unjust climate: Measuring the impacts of climate change on rural poor, women and youth

Developing policies to foster inclusive rural transformation processes requires better evidence on how climate change is affecting the livelihoods and economic behaviours of vulnerable rural people, including women, youths and people living in poverty. In particular, there is little comparative, multi-country and multi-region evidence to understand how exposure to weather shocks and climate change affects the drivers of rural transformation and adaptive actions across different segments of rural societies and in different agro-ecological contexts. This evidence is essential because, while climate risk and adaptive actions are context specific and require local solutions, global evidence is important for identifying shared vulnerabilities and priority actions for scaling up effective responses. This report assembles an impressive set of data from 24 low- and middle-income countries in five world regions to measure the effects of climate change on rural women, youths and people living in poverty. It analyses socioeconomic data collected from 109 341 rural households (representing over 950 million rural people) in these 24 countries. These data are combined in both space and time with 70 years of georeferenced data on daily precipitation and temperatures. The data enable us to disentangle how different types of climate stressors affect people’s on-farm, off-farm and total incomes, labour allocations and adaptive actions, depending on their wealth, gender and age characteristics.

Year published

2024

Authors

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Sitko, Nicholas; Cavatassi, Romina; Stafferi, Irene; Heesemann, Esther; Rossi, Jan Martin; Valbuena, Luis Becerra; Rajagopalan, Priti; Kluth, Jessika; Azzarri, Carlo

Citation

FAO. 2024. The unjust climate: Measuring the impacts of climate change on rural poor, women and youth. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9680en

Keywords

Climate Change; Data Analysis; Data Collection; Household Surveys; Impact Assessment; Rural Poor; Socioeconomic Aspects; Gender; Women; Youth

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-SA-3.0-IGO

Links

https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9680en Source record

Record type

Report

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Report

The gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, and Uganda: Evidence from phone surveys

2023Bryan, Elizabeth; Mawia, Harriet; Ringler, Claudia; Mane, Erdgin; Costa, Valentina; Ndoro, Rumbidzai

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The gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, and Uganda: Evidence from phone surveys

The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching impacts in every part of the world, including on vulnerable populations in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries. This report explores the ways in which men and women in rural areas of four countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)—Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, and Uganda—experienced the COVID-19 pandemic and associated income losses, as well as their responses to the crisis. To identify and monitor the differential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women and men in rural households, IFPRI conducted phone surveys in selected regions of the four focal countries, with financial and technical support from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The surveys traced gender differences in responses to the pandemic and associated restrictions, such as choice of coping strategies, access to public assistance, and changes in the care burden for men and women.

Year published

2023

Authors

Bryan, Elizabeth; Mawia, Harriet; Ringler, Claudia; Mane, Erdgin; Costa, Valentina; Ndoro, Rumbidzai

Citation

Bryan, Elizabeth; Mawia, Harriet; Ringler, Claudia; Mane, Erdgin; Costa, Valentina; and Ndoro, Rumbidzai. 2023. The gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya, Niger, Rwanda, and Uganda: Evidence from phone surveys. Rome, Italy; Washington, DC: Food and Agriculture Organization; International Food Policy Research Organization. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7322en

Country/Region

Niger; Kenya; Rwanda; Uganda

Keywords

Western Africa; Eastern Africa; Central Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Africa; Income; Care Work; Gender; Shock; Surveys; Coronavirus; Covid-19; Farmers; Coronavirinae; Assets; Food Security; Coronavirus Disease; Social Safety Nets; Rural Areas

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-NC-SA-3.0-IGO

Links

https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7322en Source record

Record type

Report

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Report

Gendered impacts of COVID-19: Insights from 7 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

2022Alvi, Muzna Fatima; Gupta, Shweta; Barooah, Prapti; Ringler, Claudia; Bryan, Elizabeth; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.

Details

Gendered impacts of COVID-19: Insights from 7 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

It is widely recognized that periods of crisis affect men and women differently, mediated by their access to resources and information, as well as social and institutional structures that may systematically disadvantage women from being able to access relief, institutional support, and rehabilitation. To capture the gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns, we conducted phone surveys in seven countries spread across Asia and Africa. The study was designed as a longitudinal panel study with five rounds of data collection in Ghana, Nepal, Nigeria, and Senegal, and three rounds of data collection in Kenya, Niger, and Uganda. Both men and women were administered the same survey, with some modifications made across countries to adapt to local contexts. This report gives an overview of our findings covering several topics including income loss, coping strategies, labor and time use, food and water insecurity and child education outcomes. We find widespread reports of income loss, which declined over time, but increased again as countries experienced a resurgence in COVID-19 cases and fatality. We find that households first depleted savings when faced with income loss and over time, use of savings reduced while other measures began to be adopted. Women reported greater food and water insecurity compared to men, including worrying about insufficient food and eating less than usual. This is particularly worrying since a large proportion of women also did not have adequately diverse diets. Moderate to severe water insecurity was reported in many of the countries, and as with food insecurity, women were more likely to report issues with accessing water for drinking and other household activities. In some countries, additional modules were added to capture country specific issues of policy relevance, such agriculture extension, mental health, and child marriage. The results make it clear that proactive investments will be needed, including social safety nets, favorable credit policies, nutrition and water investments, to ensure that the crisis does not further widen the gender gap in resources and achievements in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries.

Year published

2022

Authors

Alvi, Muzna Fatima; Gupta, Shweta; Barooah, Prapti; Ringler, Claudia; Bryan, Elizabeth; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.

Citation

Alvi, Muzna Fatima; Gupta, Shweta; Barooah, Prapti; Ringler, Claudia; Bryan, Elizabeth; and Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela. 2022. Gendered impacts of COVID-19: Insights from 7 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.135042

Country/Region

Ghana; Nigeria; Senegal; Kenya; Niger; Uganda; Nepal

Keywords

Western Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-saharan Africa; Africa; Southern Asia; Asia; Income; Education; Gender; Water Security; Surveys; Covid-19; Labour; Children; Food Security

Language

English

Access/Licence

Open AccessCC-BY-4.0

Links

https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.135042 Source record

Project

Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security

Record type

Report

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